![]() In 2016, the European Respiratory Society reported on a study of various physicians listening to audiovisual recordings of auscultation findings and interobserver variation was analyzed. Crackles that partially clear or change after coughing may indicate bronchiectasis. Associated diagnoses Ĭrackles are often associated with inflammation or infection of the small bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli.Ĭrackles that do not clear after a cough may indicate pulmonary edema or fluid in the alveoli due to heart failure, pulmonary fibrosis, or acute respiratory distress syndrome. They can also be described as unilateral or bilateral, as well as dry or moist/wet. Their presence usually indicates an airway disease, such as bronchiectasis. Coarse crackles are somewhat louder, lower in pitch, and last longer than fine crackles.The sounds from interstitial pulmonary fibrosis have been described as sounding like opening a Velcro fastener. Their presence usually indicates an interstitial process, such as pulmonary fibrosis or congestive heart failure. This sound can be simulated by rolling a strand of hair between one's fingers near the ears or by moistening one's thumb and index finger and separating them near the ears. Fine crackles are soft, high-pitched, and very brief. ![]() They can also be characterized as to their timing: fine crackles are usually late-inspiratory, whereas coarse crackles are early inspiratory.
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